![]() A typical application that would benefit from this tool is an internet radio station. For the listener, this creates more consistent sounding audio. Whhen Auto Correct is enabled, it will scan all selected frequencies in the wav file to determine the minimum and maximum amplitudes.It will then correct these variations by automatically increasing or decreasing the levels of attenuation at specific frequency intervals (usually 1/3 octave).The result is a nearly linear frequency response. The compressor will made the low signal a little bit louder. Watch movies with nice bass sounds and a limiter to lower the loud passages. All the playlist you have made, sounds now much better and you can use any sound application. You will be very impressed and you think that you have new sound speakers. If you load a wav file or a mp3 file you can hear the different and the effect of the Equalizer. The Equalizer will correct the audio stream automatic and will include the Limiter and the compressor to be sure, that the audio signal is not to loud or not to low. You can run any windows sound application or DVD Player software above the Equalizer. ![]() Graphic Equalizer Studio 2017 Product Overview: Includes DART CD-Recorder CD rip and burn software. Clean up audio files with the most troublesome problems. Audio tools for maximizing sound quality with eight restoration functions and many other features.For the non technical users, that means speed. The player is based on an embedded SQL database engine. You just listen to what you want to hear, while having innovative features. VIP Rumor Player is a tool for the new generation.Webcams, IP cameras, DSLRs, screen and files supported. HD quality, fine-grain control, reliability, scheduling & great UI built in. VideoVelocity is simple to use & powerful time-lapse and live video recording software for the pro and novice alike.Offering a wide range of exercises for all levels, visual support and playback while you practice. Solid beat is a drum rudiment training software that will support you during your drum training sessions.This application allows up to four users with individual iTunes libraries to use iTunes on one computer, without having to log out of Windows to change users.Works in automatic/manual mode, automatically compresses recordings to MP3/WMA, has user-friendly interface MX Skype Recorder is a tool that works in conjunction with Skype (and with other VoIP applications) for recording calls.Audio Music Editor supports nearly all popular audio formats (MP3, WMA, OGG, WAV, MP2, G721, G723, G726, VOX, GSM, U-LAW, A-LAW, DSP, ADPCM, APE, FLAC). Audio Music Editor is an easy to use audio editor for professionals and music lovers. ![]() It's designed to be fast - 400% faster than other converters - with no fuss and a simple interface. This conversion software gets the job done quickly.
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![]() Since they have similar voltage and diameter, can we use 20 batteries interchangeably? They have an operating temperature of -30 degrees Celsius to 60 degrees Celsius. Left unused, they both have the same shelf life of almost eight years if stored in similar and proper conditions. They are used to power small electronic devices like calculators, wristwatches, sensors, car key fobs, thermometers, computer motherboards, and other small electronic devices. These two batteries are also known as watch batteries or button cell batteries. Similarities Between a 2025 and a 2032 Batteryīoth the batteries have the same voltage of 3V and are 20 millimeters in diameter. They are elaborated upon in the next section. So far, we have seen the differences between a 2025 and a 2032 battery, but there are many similarities between them. If your device can accommodate them, 2032 batteries are your best choice because they could last one or two years longer and provide more current capacity than a 2025 battery with a minimal difference in price. If you have a small battery compartment in the electronic device, you should go for a 2025 battery. The 2025 battery is inexpensive, cheaper, and lighter than the 2032 battery because of its lower current capacity and longevity compared to a 2032 battery.Īlthough both the batteries are designed specifically for small electronic devices, it depends on your requirement and space. The cost of a pack of six 2025 batteries is $8.29, or approximately $1.38 per battery, slightly lower than 2032 batteries costing around $1.46 per piece. In contrast, you could use a 2032 battery in calculators, wristwatches, fitness appliances, toys, and medical devices like pedometers and calorie counters. ![]() You can use a 2025 battery in car key fobs, Apple air tags, digital watches, fitness devices, and other electronic devices. ![]() Meanwhile, a 2025 battery may last 3 to 4 years and must be changed more frequently than 2032 one. It contains more chemicals than the 2025 battery and can last up to 4 to 5 years. Moreover, the voltage and electric charge may vary depending on each manufacturer’s specifications.Ī 2032 battery may last longer than the 2025 battery because of more thickness and higher current capacity than the latter. The 2025 version has a contact of three volts, and the 2032 one has a contact of two volts. Where a 2025 battery has a capacity of up to 170 mAh, 2032 batteries have a higher capacity of up to 240 mAh and deliver more load to their devices. The 2032 battery is 0.7 mm thicker than a 2025 battery.īoth the 20 batteries have a high voltage of 3V, but they differ in their capacities. On the other hand, although the 2032 version is 20 mm in diameter, it has a 3.2 mm or 1/10 inch thickness. A 2025 battery has a diameter of 20 mm and a thickness of 2.5 mm or 1/8 inch. ![]() One of the most significant differences between the 20 batteries is their thickness. Besides this, there are numerous differences between them based on their dimension, voltage, electric charge, and many other factors. No, the 20 batteries are not the same, and the primary and most noticeable difference between them is their thickness.
![]() Immediately to the right of each line, random telephone numbers are embossed (but not printed), one telephone number per line, running down the entire column, subtly alerting recipients to the multi-sensory nature of the performance and exhibition. Headed "Works of Yoko Ono," it lists the works to be performed and exhibited in a column of full-justified type, with no spaces between the words, the words themselves cut off arbitrarily at the end of each line and picked up on the next. While the literature has focused on the Instructions for Paintings, Midori Yoshimoto clarifies that other works were shown in this solo exhibition as well, stating that it “included, among other works, the artist’s Touch Poems and Instructions for Paintings.” For this concert and exhibition, however, the announcement (fig. Pick out any shape in the process and pin up or place on the canvas an object, a smell, a sound, or a color that came to your mind in association with the shape.” Painting to be Constructed in your Head, for example, instructs us to: “Go on transforming a square canvas in your head until it becomes a circle. Having returned to Japan in the spring of 1962, shortly after first exhibiting the Touch Poem booklets in New York, Ono performed a concert and exhibited her Instructions for Paintings (text-only pieces) at the Sogetsu Art Center. Language, in fact, became central to Ono’s next exhibition. It bridges the conceptual and the sensory. So I thought of framing poems without words for people to get it by touch. Poem is a way of limiting the information of the Universe by framing it. I thought of creating poems you take into your body by touch. It may create a deeper intake of the information with touch rather than casting your eyes to the words. Braille is a very interesting communication method in which you use "touch" to get information. © Yoko Ono, Digital image © 2014 MoMA NY. Perhaps more importantly, in the way language per se is withheld, the Touch Poems foreground other sensory information, thus encouraging in the viewer a heightened awareness of the nature of perception itself and of the viewer's own role in constructing meaning from sensory as well as extrasensory data.įig. Is there a cast of characters, one a redhead and another with black hair? (The black hair is, in fact, Ono’s own.) Or is it talismanic? Its impenetrable mystery at once begs and defies any definitive interpretation. Only the barest hint, however, is given as to what. Similarly, the clumps of hair, in their different textures and colors, imply many different things. Though the lines imply a narrative text, it is an opaque language. Upon closer inspection, however, it becomes clear that there is nothing to be read in the tape (at least in any conventional sense) it is (relatively) smooth. At first glance, they appear to be Braille texts. In Touch Poem # 5, for example, lines of tape replaced text, and clumps of different hair glued to the pages were treated as illustrations (fig. ![]() Originally made in 1960, the Touch Poems were first exhibited in January of 1962 at New York’s Living Theater. ![]() 1) was produced in the form of small booklets. This essay explores her many and varied uses of the haptic in a series of Touch Poems and Touch Pieces in various media-and various contexts-with vastly different receptions by her many audiences.Īmong the artist’s earliest known works, her first series of Touch Poems (fig. Known primarily for her early text-based conceptual works and her proto-feminist performance work, Yoko Ono has incorporated haptic interaction (or interaction relating to the sense of touch) into her works in various media from the very beginning of her artistic career. – Christophe Cherix, co-curator, Yoko Ono: One Woman Show, 1960-1971 What I'm trying to do is make something happen by throwing a pebble into the water and creating ripples. The thing is to promote a physical participation that will lead you into this larger area of mind. But you have to give a tail to lead into it. The existing material in the gallery is like an elephant's tail and the larger part is in your mind. When a blind man says "what's an elephant", you lead the man to an elephant and let him grasp the tail and say "that's an elephant". I consider my shows like giving an elephant's tail. ![]() It’s joined by an advanced four-wheel drive system to add both grip and driving fun to the mix. Of course, there’s extensively tuned suspension compared to the set-up on the Focus ST behind those wheels, too. ![]() In fact, when Ford was designing the Focus RS it chose an intercooler that was so big, part of it has to be covered in the production car to keep it from doing too much cooling.Įven the large exhaust pipes, which help extract maximum power from the engine, and the 19-inch forged alloy wheels, which save nearly 1kg a corner, have a functional use on the car. Huge 350mm brake discs at the front provide some serious stopping power but need to be kept cool, and the tweaks to the engine mean a wide intercooler is needed at the front. New Ford Focus ST Track Pack 2023 review Ford Focus mk2 1.6 ti-vct installing a led in the cigarette ashtray space and be active only when the interior lights of the car are turned on telonio 3 mo ago 0.Ford Focus Active Estate: long-term test review Check out a full listing of the best new and used 2016 Ford Focus cars for sale by trusted owners and dealers on Canadas largest autos marketplace.Another new feature is the 2016 Ford Focus RSs 'Drift Mode', which allows the driver to more easily and safely drift the car. Vauxhall Astra vs Ford Focus vs Volkswagen Golf: 2022 group test review The Ford Focus (third generation), also known as the Focus Mk III, (Code name: C346) debuted at the 2010 North American International Auto Show as a 2012 model.Ford Focus ST Track Pack vs Hyundai i30 N: 2023 twin test review.The huge grille and front splitter give the RS an aggressive front end, with bulging wheelarches and an eye-catching wing on the back giving respectful nods to previous hot Fords. See our ST Range brochure for more information on the full Focus ST series line up. Theres a huge range of Focus cars available in our classified ads from approved dealers across. While the latest Focus RS has a much more toned-down look than previous models, there’s still no doubt as to what’s underneath the bodywork. Search our used 2016 Ford Focus cars for sale on Parkers. The numbers alone give the RS a huge head start: where else can you find a 345bhp four-wheel drive car that can go from 0-62mph in 4.7 seconds for less than £30,000? Of course it’s not just the huge power that gives the Ford Focus RS massive appeal, but the fact that you can fit the whole family inside and use it every day of the year. We’ve already discovered that the Ford Focus RS is one of the best hot hatchbacks in the world during our test on European roads, but a crucial question remains: does it make sense in the UK? 2016 Ford Focus Review Original MSRP17,225 - 35,900 Price Range8,500 - 18,990 Average Selling Price12,486 Fuel Economy (MPG)26/36 City/Hwy Body Styles. It’s certainly more fun than rivals like the Audi RS3 and Mercedes-AMG A45, which cost much more to buy, and this Focus RS will join predecessors like the Escort and Sierra Cosworth in the pantheon of great fast Fords. The clever four-wheel drive system helps make the most of the 345bhp four-cylinder engine under the bonnet, with a clear focus on driver enjoyment over pure lap times. Not only is the Ford Focus RS great to drive, it’s undoubtedly great value too. Schizophrenia is also associated with several comorbid conditions. These services can help with returning to school or work, improving social skills, and coping with stress and everyday challenges. Similar to psychosis, people with schizophrenia can benefit from social support services. Making sure the loved one is taking medication and noting signs of recurrence are also vital. It’s important that family members learn about schizophrenia and how to support their loved one. A mental health professional can also help a person with schizophrenia develop coping strategies and teach them how how to recognize signs of a recurrence. Therapy, which can include CBT, is an important part of treatment. These include medications to treat acute psychosis, followed by maintenance medications to help prevent symptoms from returning. Antipsychotic medications can help with the psychotic (positive) symptoms of schizophrenia. It can include a combination of the following treatments: As such, treatment focuses on managing symptoms and building coping skills for daily life and functioning. Schizophrenia is a chronic condition for which there’s no cure. Someone experiencing psychosis may benefit from social skills training or help with returning to work or school.Īdditionally, since a variety of other underlying conditions can also cause psychosis, working to manage those conditions can also help to ease symptoms. It’s important for them to learn more about psychosis and how to interact effectively and empathetically with their loved one. Family members are also key in treating psychosis. CBT in this case is specifically tailored to symptoms of psychosis or schizophrenia. It may be provided in an individual or group setting. Therapy for psychosis often consists of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) provided by a mental health professional. These medications can be given as either a pill or an injection. Antipsychotic medications can help to reduce the symptoms of psychosis. The treatment of psychosis typically includes a combination of the following: Treatment is most effective when psychosis is identified and treated early. Genetics and various environmental factors also likely play a role. Experts believe that irregularities with various neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine, are involved. Schizophrenia is a complex condition and what exactly causes it is unknown. Individuals with schizophrenia can also have difficulty with things like concentration, memory, and attention. lack of speech, restricted behaviors, or isolation.social withdrawal or being uncomfortable around others.a decline in feelings of happiness or pleasure in daily life. ![]()
![]() ![]() When the syrup is cool and so does the tray, pour the syrup on it and deepen the cuts. When Baklava is ready, take the tray out of the oven and add the syrup in two steps.Remember to grease the topping layer of Filo properly.You can put the nuts separately on each layer or mix them together as instructed above.Covering the tray with 3 layers supports the stuffing and prevents deformation.The thin layers of the home made filo can have a significant effect on the taste of the baghlava. at most you will need 2 hours and 30 minutes to make this dough. Even if you are not a good cook and you can not make dough as good as the ready ones you buy from store, this easy one is a good dough to make and you would not be bothered making it. Making filo at home can be much better and the result will be unbelievable. Instead of buying filo or phyllo you can easily make it at home. The ingredients are rich in essential amino acids and in omega-3 along the fantastic smell.īaklava Yas Gilani: Because the almonds are marinated in Jasmine and they smell like it, the dessert is named after the flower (Yas). It might be called three colored Baghlava, flag Baghlava (Parchami) or the Diamond. Reshte Khatayi and walnut Baghlava are absolutely popular, as well as the Turkish type.īaklava Kashani: It is a mixture of nuts such as walnuts, almonds, pistachios, hazelnuts and cashews, known as Baghlava Agili (nuts).īaklava Qazvini: It is composed of dough, stuffing and the syrup that will blow your mind. They cannot resist the excellent dessert, especially ones made in Yazd, Qazvin and Tabriz.īaklava Tabrizi: It has so many fans when it comes to Ramadan in particular. Undoubtedly, this food is on top of the favorite list of Iranians. Vermicelli noodles are used in some Arabic instructions, so the sweet looks much darker than the one made by kadayif. However, Libya, Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco serve this fancy cuisine in their ceremonies. ![]() The Greek recipe is made by 33 layers of dough demonstrating Jesus age.Īrabic Baqlavas have also widespread reputation and the bests are found in Syria and Palestine. In Armenia the instruction includes cinnamon and clove. In Azerbaijan, the delicious Pakhlava is made by walnuts and almonds particularly in spring, Nowruz. As no syrup is required in it, it is quick, easy and very tasty. The recipe of Istanbul consists of walnuts and pistachios, while the one held in The Aegean Sea area contains almonds and The Black Sea area uses hazelnuts.īesides the baklavas sweetened with syrup, the dry one made by Filo or phyllo (a very thin unleavened dough used for making pastries such as baklava and börek in Middle Eastern and Balkan cuisines) is desired, too, in Turkey. Interestingly, there are many different recipes used around the world. ![]() ![]() To interpret it as a cry for the flaying of tough nuts like Ferneyhough or Birtwistle, however, is daft. He wants more openness towards the lyrical, melodic repertoire which the spiky end of contemporary music shunned in the post-war years. Reading Lloyd Webber's slightly muddled text, it's easy to see why he was misunderstood. Last year, he caused a small storm by denouncing aspects of contemporary music at the World Economic Summit in Davos, Switzerland. That giant of musicological thought, Charles Rosen, wrote a peppery response in the New York Review of Books entitled 'Who's Afraid of the Avant-Garde?' Now Julian Lloyd Webber, 48, lives alone in a South Kensington mansion flat, his second marriage recently ended, squeezed out by the relentless demands of life as a constantly travelling musician with a full diary, new works to learn and rabbles to rouse. It was a completely different perspective.' 'When I asked him about holding the bow, he just said, "Hold it how it feels most comfortable". He came into his own only when he encountered the international cellist Pierre Fournier. 'Even as a nine-year-old, I never had any doubt that everyone - John, Tim Rice, Andrew - would be successful, that perhaps I would be too.' A pupil of Douglas Cameron, he then went to the Royal College to study with Joan Dixon, but found her analytical approach - scales, studies, finger exercises - too technical. Always mild-mannered, he speaks affectionately of Andrew. Years earlier, he had given up composition, returning to it late in his life in dark circumstances, inspired by a love affair with a much younger woman.Ĭompared with a 'freakish' talent like that of John Lill - 'He could hear something once, then walk over to the piano and play it perfectly' - Julian Lloyd Webber recognises his own skills were slower to develop, harder won. To complicate matters further, William Lloyd Webber had a drink problem, exacerbated by the misery of having failed as a composer, which was not a topic of family conversation. My father was always busy, running the London College of Music or playing the organ at Central Hall, Westminster.' She encouraged me and was the catalyst for all of us really, but we were brought up more by my grandmother, a Christian-Communist Scot who wasn't interested in music. 'My mother was brilliant at teaching other children. He started the cello aged around four and usually practised on his own. There were people coming and going the whole time, including a stream of stray young women to add to the chaos.' From an early age, he had to fix on his goals without much help. I had to do my practice in a corridor between the two flats. 'With all that noise going on you could scarcely hear yourself think. 'Actually it's a wonder I stuck to it at all,' Julian Lloyd Webber says. In the early Seventies, music's boundaries were still set in stone and to us, only the cellist son, Julian, seemed to be making a real mark in our world, despite rather than because of his dazzling brother. Neither wrote the kind of thing we learned in our lessons. ![]() ![]() She, who rarely went beyond the mile or so from home to the college, had gone to New York in her flat brown lace-ups with army surplus rucksack and vacuum flask, to wander alone around that city's meanest streets and to attend the American premiere of a musical by her elder son Andrew, called Jesus Christ Superstar. Even then, the name Lloyd Webber had a ring to it, though a slight smell of disapproval hung around the son's enterprise, just as a sad air of lost English idyll was associated with the music of Lloyd Webber senior, though none of us had heard a note. One week, Mrs Lloyd Webber missed a lesson. Lessons were filled with tales of life in the adjoining South Kensington mansion flats which were home for the Lloyd Webbers and their Bohemian ménage which included two lodgers, the pianist John Lill, of whom, being musically inclined, we had heard - he had won the Moscow Piano Competition - and someone called Tim Rice, of whom we had not plus the white pet mouse, soon devoured, the longer-lasting elderly mother, the professorial composer husband and the nearly adult sons, one of whom spent much time playing records at top volume while the other, nearly as loudly and certainly as competitively, played the cello. This feature can free up additional RAM by turning off any background processes that you don’t need. This starts extra program called Driver Booster that is used to update drivers detected by the Care scan. Let’s take a closer look at the available features and what they do. Improving computer speed is the focus of this software section. Errors and failures are identified and corrected. Disk Check – Analyzes hard drive performance.They are fixed, enabled, or disabled as needed. Vulnerability Fix – Finds problems with your existing Windows installation.Any Windows features that could cause privacy breaches are deactivated. Security Reinforce – Your system will be scanned for possible areas that viruses or hackers could take advantage of.Spyware Removal – Detects and removes programs and viruses designed to spy on browser and/or computer data and usage.Software Health – Outdated software will be identified and updated.Hardware Health – Updates hardware drivers.Firewall – Additional feature for better security that will ensure your existing Windows Firewall protects your devices from potential problems outside your network.Antivirus Protection – Advanced SystemCare will either ensure that your own antivirus program is fully operational or use its own program to prevent malware and viruses.Disk Optimization – Optimizes hard drive so that frequently used data, programs, and files can be accessed in less time.Registry Defrag – Your registry performance will be optimized.It stabilizes your network and accelerates internet speed by prioritizing bandwidth and choosing the best channel for your area. Internet Boost – This is another function that’s only found in the Pro version of Advanced SystemCare.“Server,” “Office Work,” and “Daily User” are some of the activities that the tool will allocate resources for. System Optimization – How you use your PC is what this Pro version feature concentrates on.Registry Clean – Deletes virus remnants, unnecessary shortcuts, and uninstalled program Windows registry keys.Shortcut Fix – Inactive or unavailable shortcuts for desktop files, programs, and other relevant items will be deleted.Junk File Clean – Deletes any junk on your computer that remains from old Windows processes or uninstalled programs. ![]() Privacy Sweep – Removes Windows and browser history (files that were recently accessed, etc.).Here is a full list of options available: When in Manual Mode, you can click on the icon next to different options to obtain more information about them. In Manual Mode, you choose which options to enable, and in AI Mode, optimization happens automatically based on the status of your PC. However, you won’t get access to many of the fixes it suggests unless you pay. The free version can be used to perform system scans. After the scan is finished, nothing will actually be changed unless you allow it. You can choose what portions you want to be analyzed or let the entire system be scanned. System scan is necessary for Advanced SystemCare to get a better understanding of what needs to be tuned. Under the “Care” section, you will find the “Scan” option. The Pro version will be the primary focus of this article. People with the free version can purchase the pro version or enter their license code to upgrade to the Pro version. You can download Advanced SystemCare from the official website. Advanced SystemCare PRO 15 – What’s New?. ![]() Cookies are small files that a site or its service provider transfers to your computer's hard drive through your Web browser (if you allow) that enables the site's or service provider's systems to recognize your browser and capture and remember certain information. Please note that in visiting Conti’s websites, cookies are utilized. While there will always be a risk of unauthorized disclosure of personal data, Conti’s believes that the foregoing safeguards are sufficient to prevent the occurrence of such risk and is committed to updating and improving such safeguards in order to protect your personal data in compliance with the Data Privacy Act. These include securing any document containing personal data in paper and electronic formats, including databases, and limiting access to personnel who have a legitimate interest in them for the purpose of carrying out their duties in delivering the Products and Services. Storage and Protection of Personal DataĬonti’s has instituted policies and procedures which intend to protect personal data which it has collected and continues to collect. Conti’s may also share information in accordance with any order from any relevant government agency as provided by law.ĥ. If and when it becomes necessary, a data sharing agreement shall cover any sharing of data between and among Conti’s and/or its vendors, consultants, marketing partners, and other service providers. Conti’s may also share personal data with vendors, consultants, marketing partners, and other service providers who need access to such information to carry out work on behalf of Conti’s. At all times, your personal data shall not be used or processed for any purpose that is contrary to law.Ĭonti’s may share personal data between and among the entities comprising the same to enable them to provide you personalized Services. All the information we collect from you will be for statistical purposes. Conti’s uses your personal data in providing Products and Services, to process your orders, to personalize the delivery of content to you. ![]() The following personal data may be collected: your name, age, nationality, civil status, mailing/ billing address, email address, phone number, credit card information or other details to help you with your experience.ĭuring your registration for online ordering as a customer, apply for a job and engage us to other events and contracts additional data may be collected including but not limited to: company name, family background, educational background, employment record, medical records, and information obtained through interviews, and other examinations.Ĭonti’s may use and process the personal data collected about you to allow you to participate in its Services. Conti’s may also collect information from Personal Information Controllers (PIC) in its capacity as a Personal Information Processor (PIP). 10173, or the Data Privacy Act of 2012, and its Implementing Rules and Regulations (collectively, the “Data Privacy Act”).Ĭonti’s collects information you provide directly to it, such as when you order on-line, use our direct online payment facility, use our mobile applications, engage us in other events, respond to a survey, register, create or modify your accounts in any of its websites and/or mobile applications, newsletter, contact support, apply for a job, enter into any contract with Contis or otherwise communicate or interact with Conti’s. Please read this privacy policy carefully to get a clear understanding of how Conti’s collects, uses, protects or otherwise handles your personal data in accordance with Republic Act No. to inform them on how their personal data are being collected, used and secured by Conti’s. This privacy policy has been prepared to better serve any person who avails of the Products and Services of Conti’s. ![]() Conti’s Holdings Corporation and its subsidiaries, affiliates, and related companies, (collectively, “Conti’s”) collects, processes and stores personal data about you when you avail of its products and services, its website, social media sites, newsletter and mobile applications, apply for a job, or enter into any contract with Conti’s provided that you have given your express consent. ![]() PWHD is investigating cases involving personal injury or death as a result of benzene contamination of certain sunscreen products. Christopher Bunick, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Dermatology at Yale University, New Haven, CT). Valisure® Petition, at 17 (quoting Email from Dr. The total mass of sunscreen required to cover and protect the human body, in single daily application or repeated applications daily, means that even benzene at 0.1 ppm in a sunscreen could expose people to excessively high nanogram amounts of benzene.” “Considering that human skin has a large total surface area (~1.85 m2), and that ~28.5 g of sunscreen is needed per application to properly cover that skin surface, it follows then that there is not a safe level of benzene that can exist in sunscreen products. Though most were sprays, they also included lotions and gels.Īs one clinician and researcher from Yale commented: The majority of these were Neutrogena branded sunscreen, but they also include Banana Boat, CVS Health, SunBurnt, Goodsense, Raw Elements, TopCare Everyday, and EltaMD branded products. Twenty-six additional sunscreen products contained benzene contamination from 0.1 ppm to 2 ppm. Thirteen of these products were spray products, while the one Fruit of the Earth product was a gel. Ten of these products were sold under the Neutrogena brand, two were sold under the CVS Health brand, and one each were sold under the Sun Bum and Fruit of the Earth brands. Valisure’s citizen’s petition to the FDA revealed that fourteen different sunscreen products had benzene contamination exceeding 2 ppm. Valisure® also found that some sunscreens have no benzene contamination whatsoever, meaning that benzene apparently is not a necessary ingredient for sunscreen and there are reasonable and feasible alternatives. Valisure® found that some of the sunscreen products tested had levels of benzene that surpassing 2 ppm or “over 400 times the threshold for systemic carcinogenicity assessment for at least one sunscreen active ingredient.” Valisure® Citizen Petition to FDA, at 2 (hereinafter Valisure® Petition). The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommends that workers working with benzene wear protective equipment if they expect to be exposed to concentrations in excess of 0.1 parts per million (ppm). The FDA likewise recognizes the high danger of benzene and lists it as a “Class 1 solvent” that should not be employed in the manufacture of drug substances and products because of its unacceptable proximity. The toxicity of benzene has been known since at least 1897 and the International Agency for Research On Cancer (“IARC”) has classified benzene as a Group 1 human carcinogen that has been linked to the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), multiple myeloma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Benzene is typically a byproduct of oil, gasoline, and other volatile substances and processes. |